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Lord Guildford Dudley
Lord Guildford Dudley (also spelt Guilford) (c. 1535〔Richardson 2008〕 – 12 February 1554) was the husband of Lady Jane Grey who, declared as his heir by King Edward VI, occupied the English throne from 10 July until 19 July 1553. Guildford Dudley enjoyed a humanist education and was married to Jane in a magnificent celebration about six weeks before the King's death. After Guildford's father, the Duke of Northumberland, had engineered Jane's accession, Jane and Guildford spent her brief rule residing in the Tower of London. They were still in the Tower when their regime collapsed and remained there, in different quarters, as prisoners. They were condemned to death for high treason in November 1553. Queen Mary I was inclined to spare their lives, but Thomas Wyatt's rebellion against her plans to marry Philip of Spain led to the young couple's execution, a measure that was widely seen as unduly harsh.
==Family and marriage==
Lord Guildford Dudley was the second youngest surviving son of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, and his wife, Jane Guildford.〔Loades 1996 p. 238〕 The Dudley lineage goes back to a family called Sutton. In the early 14th century they became the lords of Dudley Castle,〔Wilson 1981 pp. 1–4〕 from whom Guildford descended through his paternal grandfather. This was Edmund Dudley, a councillor to Henry VII, who was executed after his royal master's death. Through his father's mother, Elizabeth Grey, Viscountess Lisle, Guildford descended from the Hundred Years War heroes, Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, and John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.〔Wilson 1981 pp. 1, 3; Adams 2002 pp. 312–313〕
The Dudley children—there were thirteen born in all—grew up in a Protestant household and enjoyed a humanist education.〔Adams 2008; Chapman 1962 p. 65〕 Under the young King Edward VI, Guildford's father became Lord President of the Privy Council and ''de facto'' ruled England from 1550–1553.〔Loades 1996 pp. 147, 285〕 The chronicler Richard Grafton, who knew him,〔Ives 2009 p. 275〕 described Guildford as "a comely, virtuous and goodly gentleman".〔Ives 2009 p. 185〕 In 1552 Northumberland unsuccessfully tried to marry Guildford to Margaret Clifford, a cousin of Jane Grey.〔Loades 1996 pp. 226, 238〕 Instead, in the spring of 1553, Guildford was engaged to the sixteen-year-old Jane Grey herself.〔Ives 2009 pp. 185, 36〕 Jane Grey figured higher in the line of succession than Margaret Clifford.〔 On 25 May 1553, three weddings were celebrated at Durham Place, the Duke of Northumberland's town mansion. Guildford married Jane, his sister Katherine was matched with Henry Hastings, the Earl of Huntingdon's heir, and another Catherine, Jane's sister, married Lord Herbert, the heir of the Earl of Pembroke.〔de Lisle 2008 pp. 93, 304; Ives 2009 p. 321〕 It was a magnificent festival, with jousts, games, and masques. For the latter, two different companies had been booked, one male, one female. The Venetian and French ambassadors were guests, and there were "large numbers of the common people ... and of the most principal of the realm".〔 Guildford and some others suffered an attack of food poisoning, because of "a mistake made by a cook, who plucked one leaf for another."〔Chapman 1962 p. 82〕
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